Numerical Modelling and Design Experiment of a Model Gas Turbine Petro with Combination of Natural Gas, Hydrogen

Abstract

In this study, we are constructing an analytical model to evaluate the energy performance of a Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) utilizing H2 NG mixes as fuel. During the experimental campaign, the model findings were verified in the real working conditions of the Micro Gas Turbine. It was during the spring and summer of this year that a model validation experiment was carried out. Fueled by H2 NG, MGT performance has been shown to increase from zero to 10 percent hydrogen content, with a 2 percent volume step. Fuel usage has been considerably decreased, according to the data. Heat recovery and electrical reliability increase marginally even if environmental conditions have an influence on the system. A MATLAB-Simulink numerical model was built to depict the MGT\'s operation. As a consequence, the relative standard errors of the major output parameters have been determined.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Global warming is a serious concern, and solving it is amongst the most challenging. Decarbonizing the energy system and substituting fossil sources of renewable energy may reduce GHG emissions. It is critical that the energy utilized is safe, reliable, affordable, and long-term. Wind and solar energy are examples of renewable energy sources. Devout believers in the future of these technologies, their execution is fraught with difficulties. A Power to Gas technique uses hydrogen as an energy transporter to store power. In a pressure tank or a metal hydride tank, water electrolysis produces hydrogen.

One of the most common uses for hydrogen is as a fuel for vehicles. Constrisciani et al. defined "hydro methane" as a combination of methane and hydrogen containing 5-30% hydrogen. Hydrogen burns quicker than methane. In gas turbine applications, encouraging increased combustion of hydrocarbon fuels with hydrogen gas is now a good concept. In a combustion chamber, Rajpara et al. discovered that adding hydrogen improves flame temperature, lowers flame dimensions, and so reduces CO emissions. Also investigated was a novel integrated CHP system that incorporated solar energy, a biogas-steam reformer with methanol, and hydrogen production. On the other hand, Ouchikh et al investigated the effects of hydrogen enrichment in natural gas on dual-fuel diesel engines. Cappelletti et al. numerically redesigned a 100 kW MGT combustion chamber for 100% hydrogen, proving that although hydrogen generates more NOx than CH4, it can function lean. To test the application's pros and cons, De Santoli et al. used H2NG mixes in established technologies like internal combustion engines. Based on an experimental campaign, Lo Basso et al. reported on the impact of adding up to 15% H2 to the fuel mix on electrical and heat recovery efficiency, as well as pollution emissions of a condensing microCHP. Over a year, De Santoli et al. studied the energy and environmental characteristics of a commercial micro gas turbine using hydrogen-enriched natural gas blends. Environmental and economic advantages are claimed for CHP technology. Several research efforts are presently ongoing to develop eco-friendly fuels. A recent research found that burning H2NG emits the least CO and CO2. Because hydrogen-enhanced blends burn quicker and have a greater H/C ratio, they may minimize carbon emissions. This study's purpose is to model and examine a commercial Micro Gas Turbine that works on hydrogen and natural gas. This report summarizes key results.

II. DESCRIPTION AND USE OF TEST RIG

This study's objective is to build a compact gas turbine that works on hydrogen and natural gas. The experimental effort DIAEE of Sapienza University in Rome supplied the modeling data. MGT is rated at 30 KWel and 63 KKWth by Capstone Corporation. A series of research that gradually increased the fuel's hydrogen content. Laboratory electrolyte is made using an alkaline electrolyser. MGTs are Brayton cycle-based micro power plants (less than 500 kWel). High-performance gas turbines employ the recovery cycle and feature turbo-radial machinery. This research used the Capstone C30 microgas turbine. Table 1 lists the machine's technical specs.

Table 1. datasheet of Capstone C30

MGTs have a compressor, combustor, turbines, heat reboiler, and generator. They may be powered by natural gas, biogas, and biodiesel. In the commercial Capstone C30 package, process air is compressed by a radial compressor (from stage 1 to state 2) and pre-heated by an annular regenerator utilizing hot turbine exhaust gas (from state 2 to state 2'). (see Figure 1). Micro gas turbines may dramatically boost electrical efficiency at low pressure ratios. In the combustion chamber, the process air is mixed with the fuel (state 3). The expander (4) depressurizes combustion by-products, which are subsequently cooled by the heat regenerator (4 to 4') and transferred via the liquid to gas heat exchanger (5 to 6) to create hot water for the HVAC system. Some MGT energy efficiency features have been measured directly using sensors and probes, while others, especially those linked to intermediate states, have been reverse-engineered. Onboard PLC records power output, rotation speed, input temperature T1, and combustion temperature T3 (Programmable Logic Controller). The gas analyzer temperature probe measured T6 and the thermal counter recorded hot water temperature and flow rate. 

III. MATLAB-SIMULINK Model

In the simulation model, MATLAB-Simulink was used to implement the compressor, recuperator, combustor, and turbine. To begin, the miniature gas turbine's components were modeled and the equations regulating their functioning were put into action. In the second step, the process system was examined and characterized. Using the model, we can see how the MGT responds to H2NG mixes. Experimentation and calculated outcomes are then compared.

A. Air Compressor 

As a centrifugal compressor is attached to the turbo-shaft, alternator's it is referred to as the compressor block. inputs are the intake temperature (TT1, polytropic efficiency (pt), the air constant (RR), inlet pressure (pp1, the notional compression ratio (cc), and air specific heat (CCpp), which is derived using the equation:

C. Combustor

According to an energy density modeling of the combustor, the atmosphere proportion and fuel energy may be determined using the following equation:

V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors would like to acknowledge the centre for energy resources and refining technology at Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria for their technical support, especially providing access to their own software application.

Conclusion

The present work models and analyzes a 30 kWel micro gas turbine fed with Hydrogen and Natural Gas mixtures with increasing hydrogen percentages. This research uses MATLAB-Simulink to simulate MGT functioning. Simulations are compared to technical datasheets and experimental campaign data to assure real-world validity. The simulation-reference error is 1.4%. Hydrogen doesn\'t modify the cycle parameters, yet it reduces fuel usage, showing the model\'s accuracy. Up to 10% H2 in the mixture has no influence on the small gas turbine\'s behavior and significantly boosts its performance.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Nnadikwe Johnson, Onyewudiala Ibeawuchi Julius, Wopara Onuoha Fidelis, Samuel H. Kwelle, Ewelike Asterius Dozie . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.